Adjective: Definition, kinds, and Examples

 

 

Adjective: Definition, kinds, and Examples

One of the most important components of a sentence is the adjective. This part of speech is so common that people use it almost automatically, both in speech and in writing. For you to understand the concept of adjectives better this Lecture will answer the following questions:

·         Overview

·         What is an adjective?

·         What are the functions of adjectives?

·         What are the different kinds of adjectives?

·         What are the degrees of adjectives?

·         Conclusion

 

Aside from answering the basic questions and defining the related terms, various examples will also be included in this short write-up.

What is an Adjective and its Functions?

An adjective is a part of speech which describes, identifies or quantifies a noun or a pronoun. So basically, the main function of an adjective is to modify a noun or a pronoun so that it will become more specific and interesting. Instead of just one word, a group of words with a subject and a verb can also function as an adjective. When this happens, the group of words is called an adjective clause.

For example:

My brother, who is much older than I am, is an astronaut.

In the example above, the underlined clause modifies the noun” brother.” But what if the group of words doesn’t have a subject and a verb? What do you think the resulting group of words will be called?

If you think it’s called an adjective phrase, you are right. As you might recall, phrases and clauses are both groups of words and the main difference is that clauses have subjects and verbs, while phrases don’t.

For example, She is prettier than you.

What are the Different Kinds of Adjectives?

 

Now that you already know the answer to the question, “What is an adjective?” you should know that not all adjectives are the same. They modify nouns and pronouns differently, and just like the other parts of speech, there are different kinds of adjectives. These are:

1. Descriptive Adjectives

Among the different kinds of adjectives, descriptive adjectives are probably the most common ones. They simply say something about the quality or the kind of the noun or pronoun they’re referring to. Adjective showing the kind or quality of nouns or pronouns is called Adjective of Quality. Examples: small, tall, young, mild, bitter

Examples:

·         Erika is witty.

·         She is tired.

·         Adrian’s reflexes are amazing.

·         You look very smart in that suit.

 

 

 

 

 

2. Adjectives of Number or Adjectives of Quantity

As the name suggests, adjective which shows the quantity of noun or pronoun. this kind of adjective answers the question, “How many?” or “How much?”

Examples:

·         Twenty-one students failed the exam.

·         The plants need more water.

·         I didn’t have enough clothes to last a week.

 

 

3. Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives point out “which one”

Examples:

·         I used to buy this kind of shirts.

·         When the old man tripped over that wire, he dropped a whole bag of groceries.

·         I think you’ll find these more comfortable than those.

 

 

4. Possessive Adjectives

Obviously, this kind of adjectives shows ownership or possession. Aside from that, possessive adjectives always come before the noun. Possessive adjectives show possession or ownership: my, her, his, its, our, their, and your, etc.  

Examples: 

·         I can’t answer my seatwork because I don’t have a calculator.

·         Talat sold his dog.

·         Where’s my passport?

·         Where are my books

·         Who stole their pencils?

5. Interrogative Adjectives

Interrogative adjectives ask questions (what, which, whose) and are always followed by a noun.

Examples:

·         What movie are you watching?

·         Which plants should be placed over here?

·         What assignment is that?

·         Which book is yours?

·         Whose pencil do you have?

 

 

 

6. Proper Adjective:

 An adjective that is formed from a proper noun is called proper Adjective.

For example:

·         He is an Australian citizen.

·         I often visit an Italian restaurant.

·         Do you read any of the Shakespearean drama?

·         I love to eat French bread.

 

v What are the Degrees of Adjectives?

There are only three degrees or levels of adjectives (also known as degrees of comparison) namely, positive, comparative, and superlative. When you talk about or describe only a single person, place, or thing, you should use the positive degree.

Examples:

·         She is a beautiful lady.

·         It was a memorable trip.

If on the other hand, you are comparing two persons, places, or things, it is appropriate to use the comparative degree of the word. Normally, you will need to add “-er” to transform the word into its comparative form or add the word “more.” Also, the word “than” should be added after the adjective in the comparative degree.

Examples:

·         This swimming pool is bigger than that one.

·         Ayesha is more intelligent than Kinza.

*Note: For words ending in “y,” you should first change the “y” into “I,” and then add “-er” (e.g., lovely-lovelier; pretty- prettier; tasty- tastier)

Lastly, if you are comparing more than two things, the superlative form of the adjectives should be used and the word “the” should be added before the adjective. In order to transform the adjective into its superlative form, you just have to add the suffix “-est” or the word “most.”

Examples:

·         That is by far, the tallest tree I have ever seen in my entire life.

·         This is the most crucial match of the season.

*Note: For words ending in “y,” you should first change the “y” into “I,” and then add “-est” (e.g., lovely-loveliest; pretty- prettiest; tasty- tastiest)

Conclusion

This lecture can be very helpful for the students who want to improve their grammar skills and ace the English subject. If you really have a deep understanding of what is an adjective, you will surely be able to apply this concept to your compositions properly. Just remember that although adjectives seem a little trivial, an effective use of this part of speech can actually strengthen your writing.