Chapter No 12: Online Communities
Online Communities
Online community is a virtual community whose members
interact with one another via internet.
Examples: Facebook, twitter, G-mail, Skype.
It
is virtual community and its members are connected through internet. They do
have their interaction with each other through internet and physically they
might be far from each other but virtually they are connected to each other.
An
online community purpose is to serve as common ground for people share the same
set of values and interest.
Online
communities:
ü online
communities are generally regarded as online ‘spaces’
ü used
for a variety of social and professional groups interacting via internet
ü Depend
upon social interaction and exchange between user online
ü Can
be organizational, regional or topically depending on the business
ü Have
different levels of interactions and participation among their members
ü Organization
both large and small are setting up internal
Types
of online communities:
ü Collaborative group
ü Social spaces
ü Ethnic groups
ü Geographical related
ü Educational
ü Customer community
ü Media community
ü Consumer community
ü Partner community
ü Event Community
ü Internal Community
ü Online trading
ü Online banking
ü Video Call
Online Features:
ü Blogs
ü invite friends
ü Wiki
ü advertising engine
ü Discussion forums
ü Community Chat
ü Groups
ü Opinion Polls
ü Media Sharing (Video, Picture,
Audio……)
ü News Letter
·
Categories of online communities
We
can divide the online communities into following categories:
News group, forums and
emails: Member can share and view the information
in delayed fashion.
Instant messaging and
chat: Immediate sharing of thoughts with
community members
Content: Information,
article and news about specific topic to a particular group
·
Characteristics of online community:
Online communities may exhibit following
characteristic, for example:
ü They
provide neutral ground for all parties;
ü Easily
accessible and highly accommodating;
ü Conversation
is the main activity;
ü They allow
people to keep a low profile, and a few others.
While
these may be characteristics to help classify online communities, they may not
all apply to a specific online community nor does an online community need to
embody each of these characteristics.
·
Participants of online community:
We can divide the online community participants
into two major type:
A. Public participation
: public participants, or posters, are those who join virtual communities and
openly express their beliefs and opinions
B. Non-public
participation, also called lurking. Lurkers are participants who join a virtual
community but do not contribute.
Both lurkers and posters frequently enter
communities to find answers and to gather general information.
For example, there are several online
communities dedicated to technology. In these communities, posters are
generally experts in the field who can offer technological insight and answer
questions, while lurkers tend to be technological novices who use the
communities to find answers and to learn.
Online
Expectations
Following
are the expectation from any online community members
As a contributor to Community Forums and Email Discussion List,
You should:
- Understand
that all posts are in the
public domain.
- Check your
facts on anything you post. Do not under any circumstances post virus
warnings or anything else designed to be "forwarded to everyone you
know" to list or the forum.
- Treat
other members of the forums and email list with the respect you want to
receive in return. You never know when you'll actually be auditioning for
your next position. Please report bullying or any indecent behaviour to
us.
- Summarize
email responses sent directly to you and post the entire summary back to
the list. A summary should include attributions so others can pick up
conversations offline if necessary with original posters. When you send a
summary back to the list, use the word "SUMMARY" as the first
word of the "Subject" line.
- Edit all
unnecessary quoted messages of your email posts, and make sure that you
send only plain text messages and no attachments to the list.
- Quote only
the most relevant part of a previous post when you post to the forums.
- Make sure
your email address is included in the body of the message you post to the
email discussion list.
- Create a
professional profile when registering for the forums.
- If you
find SPAM on the Community Forums/Email Discussion list. Report the matter
to concern site admin or forum admin immediately so that relevant solution
could be made to kill the SPAMs.
You should NOT:
- Directly attack
anyone for anything on the list. Take issue with ideas, not personalities.
This is the easiest way to be evicted from our community.
- Point out
other members' grammatical, spelling, or usage errors. This forum is not
the place to exercise editorial frustration.
- Express
political, religious or cultural opinions. Other forums are designed for
these kinds of debates, they are not appropriate for professional
community.
- Post ads
in any form (see above).
- Say
anything that you wouldn't want others to find with a search engine,
because your emails are archived and indexed. Remember, both emails and
forum posts are searchable by major search engines.
- Register
using your work address, because people change jobs and it's sometimes
impossible to gain access to that email if there's an issue.
Web
Pages
What is web page?
·
A
web page (or webpage) is a web document that is suitable for World Wide Web and
the web browser. or
·
A single, usually hypertext
document on the World Wide Web that can incorporate text, graphics, sounds,
etc.
A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile
device. The web page is what
displays, but the term also refers to a computer
file, usually written in HTML or comparable Mark-up language. Web browsers coordinate the various web resource elements for the written web page, such
as style sheets, scripts and images, to present the web page.
Two types of web pages:
Static
Static pages show the same content
each time they are viewed.
Dynamic:
Dynamic pages have
content that can change each time they are accessed.
These pages are
typically written in scripting languages such as PHP, Perl, ASP, or JSP.`
Difference between website and webpage:
A Web page is not the same
thing as a Web site. A Web site is a collection of pages but a Web page is an
individual HTML document. This is a good distinction to know, as most techies
have little tolerance for people who mix up the two terms.
Security considerations while
developing web pages:
Web development
takes into account many security considerations, such as data entry error
checking through forms, filtering output, and encryption. Malicious practices
such SQL as injection can be executed by users with ill intent
yet with only primitive knowledge of web development as a whole. Scripts can be
used to exploit websites by granting unauthorized access to malicious users
that try to collect information such as email addresses, passwords and
protected content like credit card numbers
Avoiding plagiarism and
behaving ethically online
INTRODUCTION: Cases of plagiarism among professional
writers have gained increasing media attention in recent years. As a result,
many students of professional writing fear that they may be “stealing or
committing intellectual “theft,” whenever they make use of any existing
material in their writing. They have been warned against such uses by several
sources
What Is Plagiarism?
Definition: In an instructional setting, plagiarism occurs when
a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original
(not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source.
However, as industry
professionals in technical communication are well aware, the message is not
that simple in our field. The issue of plagiarism is particularly contentious
for technical and professional writers, as opposed to academic writers, because
of the types of writing activities we regularly engage in. Technical
communicators commonly perform a variety of types of composing activities that
could be considered plagiarism in the context of the classroom. Such activities
include:
·
Using boilerplate materials and
templates
·
Relying on existing designs and
layouts in the creation of texts
·
Collaboratively creating written
works
·
Ghost writing texts for popular
media consumption
·
Assigning the status of “honorary
authorship” in published scientific research to lab supervisors or advisors who
have contributed little to the writing process
·
Cutting, pasting, and
re-purposing existing content, including collating information from technical
documents and product specifications
·
Single sourcing
These common workplace writing practices do
not follow the current model for single-authored, original works that is the
focus of much technical communication writing instruction.
BUT CAN WORDS AND IDEAS
REALLY BE STOLEN?
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes.
Turning in someone else's
work as your own
Copying words or ideas from
someone else without giving credit
Failing to put a quotation
in quotation marks
Giving incorrect
information about the source of a quotation
Changing words but copying
the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced
without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation is
plagiarism.
Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into
your own papers or websites.
Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted
music as part of the soundtrack.
Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover).
Ethics code for online writers
Internet allows anybody with access to publish
globally and instantaneously. This technological advance has changed the world
for the better, but overall consideration of ethics has not kept pace with
technology. In addition, while there is a free and casual attitude about much
online writing, many online writers don't realize that they can be held
accountable for theft of intellectual property, defamation and other acts.
Following are the main
ethical consideration for online technical writers
Readers have the right to expect:
Original
content. All content is the original creation of the author
except when clearly attributed, such as by quotation marks, citations and
credits.
Respect
for intellectual property. All text, photos and other media from
outside sources is republished only with the explicit permission of its owner
or as authorized by an applicable license (e.g., Creative Commons), with the
exception of brief quotations from written works in the context of discussing
those works.
Links
where credit is due: Where the creator of content referenced on
this website has made it possible to link to that content, a link is given
here. Where the content is not directly linkable, as in a book, a full citation
or link to a general information page will suffice. In general, links are
favoured over reproduction of content.
Disclosure
of comps: Where a free or discounted product or service has
been accepted, a corresponding disclosure is made.
No
quid pro quo: Before
accepting an invitation for a free or discounted product or service, the author
advised the provider of that product or service that favourable coverage would
not be provided in exchange for the comp, and that all reports on the product
or service would represent the author's actual opinions.
Disclosure
of conflicts of interest: Where the author has a relationship
with the subject of coverage beyond a casual or typical customer relationship,
that relationship is disclosed. Financial and employment relationships,
including those of close friends, associates and family members, will also be
disclosed.
Disclosure
in the first instance: Where disclosures are required, they are made
in the original entry on the subject. Repeated disclosures will not necessarily
appear in subsequent entries in the same series. However, where separate
discussion of the same subject occurs, re-acknowledgement is made with a
separate statement or by linking to the original disclosure.
Fact
checking: The author of any factual statement has made a
good-faith effort to confirm the accuracy of that statement. Statements of
opinion, however, are just that.
Corrections:
Where factual errors are discovered or reported, corrections will be made
promptly by editing or in a subsequent entry.
Faithfulness
to the historical record: Except where overriding legal or
ethical concerns prevail (such as when remedying an invasion of privacy),
substantive changes and corrections will be made in such a way as not to
distort the historical record: by noting "edited to add" or the
equivalent, or by making clarifying statements later without changing the
original.
Fair
comment (for website operators): This website allows registered
users to comment on the content contained herein. Free and fair comment will be
permitted so long as it is civil and conforms to this website's terms of
service, including this document.
Terms
of service (for website operators): This website abides by a published list of
rules that cover, among other things, participatory conduct, use of anonymity,
and consequences for violations of the terms. It can be found by clicking the
"Terms of Service" or equivalent link on any page of this website.
Anyone posting on this site agrees to these rules in the act of registering to
participate. Further, this site may operates on a platform (such as Blogger.com
or WordPress.com) that has a separate terms-of-service document. This site
adheres to those terms.
Labels: Technical and Business Writing
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